Clinical nephrology is a medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, including disorders that affect the structure and function of the kidneys, as well as diseases that result from abnormalities in the regulation of water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the body.

Clinical nephrologists work closely with other medical specialists, such as primary care physicians, endocrinologists, and cardiologists, to diagnose and manage kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, and many others.

The clinical management of kidney diseases often involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, such as medications to control blood pressure and blood sugar, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes. In some cases, patients may require renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant.

Clinical nephrology also involves the management of complications associated with kidney diseases, such as anemia, bone disease, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, clinical nephrologists are involved in the prevention and early detection of kidney disease, and often work with patients to help them manage risk factors that can lead to kidney damage, such as hypertension and diabetes.