Fistula angiography is a diagnostic imaging test that uses X-rays and a special dye to examine the fistula, which is an abnormal connection between two body structures, typically between an artery and a vein. Fistulas can occur in various parts of the body, but are most commonly found in the arms or legs of patients who have undergone hemodialysis for kidney failure.

During a fistula angiography procedure, a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into an artery near the fistula site. The catheter is guided to the area of interest and a contrast dye is injected through it. The dye allows the blood vessels to be seen on X-ray images, which can help detect any blockages or other abnormalities in the fistula or the surrounding blood vessels.

Fistula angiography can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for fistulas, such as balloon angioplasty or stenting, which are minimally invasive procedures that can help restore blood flow through a blocked or narrowed fistula. Additionally, the test can help identify any potential complications, such as bleeding or infection, that may be affecting the fistula.

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks associated with fistula angiography, such as bleeding, infection, or an allergic reaction to the contrast dye. However, these risks are generally considered low, and the benefits of the procedure often outweigh the potential risks. Your doctor can help you understand the risks and benefits of fistula angiography and determine if it is an appropriate diagnostic test for you.